Theme Of Sterility In Poem The Wasteland English Literature Essay

Theme Of Sterility In Poem The Wasteland English Literature Essay The Waste Land was first published in October 1922 in a magazine called The Criterion. The magazine was edited by Elliot himself in England till he closed it in 1939 on the eve of Second World War (Bloom p.19). A few weeks later the poem was published in America in a magazine called The Dial. Eliot began work on the waste land un early 1919 but much of the work was done in late 1921 as he was staying on the coast of Margate in England and later on at a sanitarium in Luassanne, Switzerland where he was taking a rest after suffering a nervous breakdown as a result of his fathers death in 1919. On two occasions Eliot passed through Paris, on the way to Luasanne and on the way back to London. On the two occasions Elliot and his wife stayed with his friend Ezra Pound and his wife. Ezra Pound looked at Elliots work on both occasions and edited it, cutting away half of it. The Waste Land combines overwhelming erudition of debased speech (Bloom p.20). Quotations from other languages from great literatures of the world and from pop songs and music hall are woven into one fabric making it possibly the greatest work of literature of the twentieth century. This poem can be said to be Elliots greatest work of literature. All through the five cryptic segmented sections of The Waste Land, confront the problem sterility and at the end tries to offer a solution, though of little help. In the poem Eliot asks a question what branches grow out of this stony rubbish. Through this imagery, branches and stony rubbish Eliot suggests that the poem examines the lives of people (branches) and the culture (stony rubbish) in which people live. The lives of people are interconnected to their culture. Like the ground where trees draw their life, the culture is a life stream of people. Branches can never grow if the roots cannot clutch if the soil is stony rubbish. The same way people cannot live well if their culture is broken, rough and can longer support them. It is also impossible to bring about a civilization worthy of mankind or better make mankind wholesome and create a worthy culture, if the environment in which the mankind grows undermines life instead of nurturing life (Blossom p.26). The Fire Sermon The tittle of this passage is taken from a Buddha sermon given to Buddha followers. It urges them to give up earthly rages symbolized by fire and instead look for freedom from earthly things. A turn away from the earthly actually occurs in this passage. Series of debased sexual encounters are depicted and finally closes with a river-song and religious conjuration. The passage opens with a desolate riverside scene. The speaker is surrounded by rats and garbage as he fishes and muses on the king my brothers wreck. Through this description the poet is able to develop the theme of sterility. Unlike the desert that is characterized by bareness, the riverbank that should be full of rejuvenation of life just but a dull canal that only rats a seen moving around. This shows the pessimism because what is hoped to bring about regeneration of the people only rats are found there. As the speaker muses in the king my brothers wreck, with the king my fathers grave before him, he thinks about the death of kings that leads to loss of significance of life. The sound of rats rattle personifies the lethal plaque ruining the human spirit. London according to Elliot had become so unreal in the sense that the dwellers of the city have lost touch with basic reality of olden pulse of germ and birth. Eliot shows sterility in a heterosexual encounter in London. The speaker is invited by a one-eyed merchant of Madame Sosostrilss tarot pack, Mr. Eugenides, to a meeting place for homosexual assignations. In this situation the speaker proclaims himself as Tiresias. Tiresias is an ancient mythology who possesses both male and female reproductive organs, old man with wrinkled female breasts. He is also able to see into the future. The speaker in this encounter as used by Eliot is only an observer of the events of this encounter as they unfold. The speaker witnesses an encounter between a typist and a small house agents clerk. After a long day of work, the typist returns to her house and prepares dinner. Her underwear is seen drying on the windowsill, and the divan on which she sleeps is strewn with other lingerie such as a stocki ngs. A young man, a small house agents clerks, who is described as having a bold stare, arrives in the typists house. On eating dinner, the young man starts making advances towards the typist which she does not resist. She readily gives in and they are involved in a sexual intercourse which the speaker sees as an alienated sexual exchange. After they are done the young man walks out of the house finding his way through the dark. This signifies the state of moral and vital darkness that he lives in. The typist on the other hand, adjusts her hair and says to herself glad its over. This sexual encounter symbolizes the degradation of the central model of love and fertility. It was neither an act of procreation, nor a rite performed ceremonially for a fertile earth. There was not even an expression of love. The sexual encounter is a conceited assertion of destitute self on the part of the clerk and an example of accustomed submission on the part of the typist. Sexual intercourse has been turned mechanical just like how machines work. The poem therefore represents the narrators consciousness of his anguish in relation to history, culture and even time. Throughout the poem infertility is felt with little hopes of the future. What the speaker sees in this encounter is one of the highest examples of barrenness, egotism and disaffection. A Game of Chess The title of this section is derived from two plays by an early 17th century dramatist Thomas Middleton the one in which the moves in a game of chess denotes stages in seduction. Two opposing scenes are depicted. One of the beau monde and the other of lower social class. The first part of the section exposes a wealthy, well groomed woman surrounded by recherchà © furnishings. The woman waits for a lover and in the process her neurotic ideas become frenzied with no meaningful cries. Her day then climaxes with plans for an outing and a game of chess. In the second part of this episode depicts a scene in a London barroom. Here two women discuss a third woman who is not in the barroom. As the bar is about to be closed, one of the women recounts a discourse with their friend Lil. Lils husband had been dismissed from the army. Lil has refused to get herself false teeth and she is told that her husband will seek the company of another woman as a result. Lils husband does not seem to appreciate her even on bearing five children for him which has led to current appearance. The narrator says that her husband wont leave [her] alone. The two women, Lil wealthy woman, represent the two sides of modern sexuality. One side of the sexuality is dry, barren interchange inseparable from neuroticism and self-destruction. Eliot likens this woman to Cleopatra in the manner of her luxuriance of language and surrounding. She is defeated, excessively emotional but lacks intellects. Eliots association of this woman with Cleopatra, who committed suicide due to frustration stemmed from love, shows her irrationality. However, unlike Cleopatra, this woman is not and will never be a cultural standard. Lil on the other hand represents sexuality as fertility associated with a deficiency of culture and speedy aging. Despite doing everything right; married right, supported her husband, bore him children, yet her body lets her down. She no longer looks appealing to her husband. Age had already set in and there was no way to reverse it, not even false teeth. This shows how possibility of regenerating sex both at the cultural and personal contexts diminishes further. The Burial of the Dead This is the first passage of the waste land. Eliot derived the title of this passage from a line in the Anglican burial service. It is constituted of four sketches, apparently from different speakers. The first is an autobiographical snipping from a childhood of an aristocratical woman called Marie. She tells the poet as they take coffee of her past in Austria and of her cousin, who was the Archduke Rudolph and the heir to be of the Austro-Hungarian throne. She also narrates to the poet in fondness how she used to go sledging in the mountains and sometimes Archduke would take her sledging. Marie mingles a meditation on the seasons with comments on the desolate state of her current being. She says I read, much of the night, and go south in the winter. Marie claims to be a German and not a Russian. She is a member of the lately defeated Austrian royal family. The poem being written after the First World War it shows how peoples lives were disrupted and left desolate as a result of war. People, like Marie could no longer feel part or even enjoy being part of the social fabric as they did before the war. As the speaker walks through London which is populated by ghosts he faces a figure that he once fought with in a battle and this seems to mix the clashes of the First World War with the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage. Both wars were futile and led to massive destruction. The speaker goes ahead to ask the ghostly figure, Stetson, on the fate of a corpse established in his garden. At the time Eliot was writing the poem, he had started gaining interest in Christianity. It was difficult for him to believe the Christian belief of resurrection. This shows the pessimism with which Eliot looks at degraded human culture of post-world war I. This hopelessness is depicted in the character Sibyl, a woman possessing prophetic powers who ages but never dies. This woman looks into the future and finds no hope in it and therefore prefers to die. Eliot sees himself in the same predicament as Sibyl. The culture in which he lives in has decayed and dried-up. The worst part of this culture is that it will not expire, and hence he is compelled to live with memories of its former glory. Through memory of the dead, a confrontation of the past and the present is created. Through memory, the past and the present are juxtaposed showing how things have worsened and decayed. Maries memories of her childhood are painful. The worlds of her cousin, and coffee in the park, and sledging on the mountains have since been replaced by complex political and emotional consequences of the war. She now prefers to read late into the night because there is not much she can do. In summing up, the poem The Waste Land is Eliots best work of literature. Written after the First World War which he describes as futile and cause of massive destruction, Eliot explores changes that occurred after the war. One of these changes involves the culture becoming sterile. Through different passages he has been able to develop this theme of sterility. Sterility is both in the culture and individual people. The culture has become so decayed that it can no longer support existence of a wholesome mankind. As a result people have lost touch with their culture and turned to doing evil things. Despite the sterility of the culture, human beings are forced to live in this condition. Just like Sibyl who despite seeing no hope in the future only ages and never dies thus forced to continue living in an already hopeless condition. Like Sibyl, Eliot sees little hope if any for the culture and the people to be regenerated.

Johnnie Cochran

Johnnie Cochran: An Outlier By: Ryan Starr Johnnie Cochran was an infamous American lawyer, who gained recognition from his highly publicized and controversial cases as a successful defense attorney. Born as an African-American on October 2, 1937 in Shreveport, Louisiana, Cochran grew up facing extreme racial prejudice and learned valuable life experience at a young age (Cochran Biography 1). Turning a deaf ear to discrimination, Cochran did well in school and got good grades. His father and mother always stressed education, and Cochran learned to apply himself at various public schools (Cochran Biography 1).His ability to succeed was, in part, due to a more accepting community in Los Angeles, where Cochran spent most of his later childhood (Cochran 12). Johnnie Cochran was not poor by any standards; his dad had a stable and well-paying job in life insurance (Cochran Biography 1). However, Cochran was known to envision himself with more money and the possibilities thereafter. He woul d often befriend richer classmates in order to experience a more luxurious lifestyle (Cochran Biography 1). Johnnie Cochran understood that hard work and his natural people skills allowed him to integrate well with his rich friends.Unaware of his wildly, successful future, Cochran would first have to discover a field in which his skills and opportunities could be utilized. Johnnie Cochran’s adherence to the 10,000 hour rule, his exposure to meaningful work, and his ability to express what he wanted all support Gladwell’s theory of what defines an outlier. Without these qualities, Johnnie Cochran would have never been one of America’s best lawyers. Furthermore, the opportunities that allowed Cochran to achieve and acknowledge these qualities provided him with the proud status of a unique outlier. Johnnie Cochran Jr. as named after his father and grew up in a stable household with loving parents. Education became a philosophy for success and was clearly ingrained in Cochran at early age (Cochran 11). His hard work ethic proved to serve him well in grade-school and resulted in his acceptance to the University of California in 1959 (Cochran Biography 1). Cochran loved to argue and always knew he wanted to be a lawyer. Excelling in high school debate, Cochran recalls the â€Å"incredible surge of power and satisfaction [he] felt when [he] made a strong argument and dragged people over to [his] side of the question† (Cochran 11).His dad always supported an environment in which Cochran could express his views, but his mother would not tolerate any misbehavior. As a â€Å"hardworking businessman† himself, Cochran’s father always pushed his children to work their hardest in order to reach their full potential (Cochran 11). Opportunities to practice debating at both school and at home provided Cochran with the basis for 10,000 hours of practice as a lawyer (Gladwell ). Johnnie Cochran graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration and went on to pursue his doctorate in law at Loyola Law School (Cochran Biography 1).Cochran’s first job outside of school was as a deputy city attorney, defending the city in a small claims court. Winning around fifteen cases in row, Cochran was very pleased with himself. After losing his first case, Cochran realized that â€Å"any attorney who has spent considerable time in a courtroom has lost cases† and that he was no exception (Cochran 15). Losing a few cases did not mean Cochran was bad a lawyer; on the contrary, his loses solely signified his experience in lawsuits. Johnnie Cochran was on his way to mastering a career in law after facing hundreds of juries as a city attorney and soon afterward as a criminal lawyer.Eventually, Johnnie Cochran would found his own firm, Cochran, Atkins & Evans (Cochran Biography 1). By then, he had gained significantly north of 10,000 hours practicing law. From debate in high school, to passing the bar, and prosecuting endless traffic violations, Johnnie Cochran’s experience was evident, and his success was definitely due to his early, painstaking years studying and practicing law. Little did he know, his newfound mastery would be tested with a highly publicized case. The family of Leonard Deadwyler, a man killed by Los Angeles police, approached Cochran’s firm in 1966.The family accused the police of â€Å"needless brutality† after their son attempted to speed his pregnant wife to the hospital. Cochran agreed to defend the family, despite the Police Department insisting that the officers had â€Å"acted in self-defense† (Cochran Biography 1). The lawsuit was not successful. Johnnie Cochran had discovered a flaw in the American legal system regarding the bias toward prosecuting minorities. This case and others, including a Black Panther accused of murder, led to a deeper, personal mission for Johnnie Cochran (DeClamecy). He wished to upheave the injustic e of minority prosecution, nd he would do so in great numbers. He soon earned himself the title â€Å"Best in the West† according to Ebony magazine. (Cochran Biography 1). Johnnie Cochran had always been inspired by the struggle for racial equality, but now he had the opportunity to partake in such a struggle. Defending minorities from unjust prosecutions became meaningful work. His job as a criminal defense lawyer served a greater purpose, to protect the rights of African-Americans. This platform would soon become Cochran’s journey to fame and provides further evidence to describe the characteristics of a true outlier.Johnnie Cochran was enveloped in his work because of its personal importance. Meaningful work, as described by Malcolm Gladwell, was yet another factor guiding Cochran closer to success. When Johnnie Cochran was 16 years, a decision made by the Supreme Court would change his life forever. Thurgood Marshall, a black lawyer, argued against the Jim Crow law s that legalized â€Å"separate but equal† facilities in 1954. The court favored his case and concluded that â€Å"separate but equal was inherently unequal† (Cochran 11). Johnnie Cochran idolized Marshall and therefore wished to follow in his footsteps as a lawyer.Cochran’s destiny was set. He knew that â€Å"a single dedicated man could use the law to change society† (Cochran 10). Johnnie Cochran was most definitely motivated to partake in this meaningful work. But first, he needed to be able to express what he wanted. Opportunities present themselves in odd ways, and as it so happens, one must have exceptional communication skills in order to become a successful lawyer. Achieving such skills wasn’t difficult for the personable Johnnie Cochran, who also had the benefits of a good education and supportive family.As the great grandson of slaves, Johnnie Cochran learned to express what he wanted or be overlooked by a largely white society (Cochran 1 0). Despite Cochran’s upbringing in the poorly educated projects of California, his mother taught him â€Å"the value of the English language and the importance of using it correctly to make [himself] heard† (Cochran 11). And Cochran would not forget this advice, using his command of the language to promote himself in the field of law and to win his first case: convincing his mother to accept his career in law rather than medicine.Cochran was adept at integrating and communicating, both of which were useful characteristics for any outlier. Opportunities spawned from these abilities and provided Cochran with a way to change society. Johnnie Cochran eventually represented numerous celebrities such as Sean Combs, Michael Jackson, Tupac and Snoop Dogg (Deutsch 1). His firm focused on cases involving police brutality and racial bias. He is best known for the captivating defense of OJ Simpson regarding the murder of his wife and her friend, claiming that if the murderâ€℠¢s glove â€Å"doesn’t fit, you must acquit† (DeClamecy 1).Johnnie Cochran has been criticized for taking advantage of a mostly black jury by suggesting the possibility of the police framing Simpson because of his skin color (Merida). Whether or not OJ Simpson is guilty of murder, Johnnie Cochran was an exceptional and prosperous lawyer. Malcolm Gladwell defines the qualities of a successful outlier, and Johnnie Cochran proved that a combination of perseverance and opportunities will lead to success. Johnnie Cochran died March 29, 2005 at the age of 67, but will forever be remembered as a unique outlier (Deutsch 1). Works Cited Cochran, Johnnie L. , and David Fisher. A Lawyer's Life.New York: Thomas Dunne /St. Martin's, 2002. Print. DeClamecy, Dree. â€Å"Famed Attorney Johnnie Cochran Dead. † CNN. Cable News Network, 30 Mar. 2005. Web. 17 Apr. 2013. Gladwell, Malcolm. Outliers. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2008. Print. Merida, Kevin. â€Å"Johnnie Coch ran, the Attorney On the People's Defense Team. † Washington Post. N. p. , 31 Mar. 2005. Web. Nguyen, Daisy. â€Å"Famous Clients Mourn Johnnie Cochran at Funeral in LA. † The Daily Transcript. San Diego Source, 6 Apr. 2005. Web. 17 Apr. 2013 The Biography Channel. â€Å"Johnnie Cochran Biography. † Bio. com. A&E Networks Television, n. d. Web. 17 Apr. 2013.

Statement of Interests

â€Å"Studies! Studies! Studies! You have no time for indulgence; there is not much time for games or hobbies. They are luxuries.† These words are still ringing in my years. It is an unforgettable period of my life-the tough days at campus that has made me whip myself to be a top performer in my curriculum. It was tough studying in Kenya, where the facilities are limited but the curriculum is overwhelming. The standards expected by our universities were different where an overall GPA of 2.65 was meritorious and the performer was a topper [if it were more it would have spoken poorly of the syllabus, training as well as grading].A tremendous capacity for hard work and focused efforts made me one such performer, and has enabled me to apply for this program of MSIS. I have acquainted myself with many computer applications and through intense self-motivation I have learnt these by trial and error – This field of technology is fascinating because it is the most relevant in the current scenario. Moreover, Information Technology is evolving day after day and there is no end to innovation in this field. Getting systematic hands on training is my intention and this program is sure to provide me the chance. This will enable me to enhance my skills and I shall use the practical knowledge acquired here to improve my creative skills, thereby excelling in my future career. . I have dreamt of a lucrative career in this field, one that is full of self-improvement and that gives room for novelty every day. It is fascinating to see how information is passed on through an organization while at the same time is being integrated with and aided by newer and newer computer programs and applications. In Kenya, the system of education focuses a lot on theory and not practical applications. I need to apply the intense theoretical knowledge I acquired all these years and this can only be achieved here .This MSIS Program will provide me with a specialized knowledge of Information Systems and expose the student to practical applications in systems analysis and design.   Moreover, choice of   electives in ERP, , problem formulation ,decision supporting systems   and electronic commerce application theories   would provide one with   new   skill sets   and enhance existing ideas   . My aim is to be an expert problem solver, using technology to achieve strategic advantage in modern organizations .   It has been a longstanding dream to pursue a Masters’ in the US and to seek prestigious employment in the field of Information Technology and be that high-flying executive who is a big asset to a Fortune 500 company. As my desire is to hold a position of significance in a huge company, the necessary expertise to analyse, synthesise and evaluate situations to make sound decisions is imperative. The integrated approach of experimentation and analysis offered by the MSIS Program would provide my longed-for practical training and help me be an expert System Creator. I would ultimately go back to my homeland where managers of superior skills are in short supply and then I would be able to make good use of all the experience acquired over here. My performance in underprivileged circumstances stands testimony to my hard work and motivation. I am very meticulous and systematic by nature and my attention to detail is sure to stand me in good stead in this logical field of Information Systems. I would make the best of the great opportunity in the U.S. and the training acquired here would stay through the rest of my career, helping me achieve my ambition in life. There is also the fond hope and wish that one can fit in extra hobbies within the time available, given the desire and proper time management. Dear student, I have written your essay and I sincerely pray that you get admission into a good school, thereby fulfilling your ambition in life.   I have written quite forcefully about your overall grade being very meritorious because I was worried that if, by chance, it fell short of the cutoff, the tough conditions in Kenya should at least speak strongly in your favor.   However, I would like to make a few suggestions. 1. I have mentioned a few electives that I thought may best suit you [you have to impress upon the panel that you are very focused in what you want and cannot be general all the time]. . Now, you go through this very carefully and use your discretion to include or eliminate the names [as you think fit]. You will be able to get an idea if you read the brochure of the schools, and the electives offered. However, see that it coordinates with the general theme and tone of the essay. If something of your aptitude is more logical then you can include that also. Another suggestion would be that you do some home work on all that you have written before you attend your interview [if there is a personal interview-] you must give very precise answers and nothing should be vague or generalized. That will give an unfavorable impression. I have just mentioned about the ‘tough’ days in campus-you may add the number of years-say—â€Å" 5/6/7/ years of   life in Boarding school and the five/four year period of Engineering   college’[yearsxxxx-yyyy]. As the question stresses on what this program would help you achieve, I have not highlighted your hobbies and other interests. [You did not have time or the facility to shine in any hobby of yours from what I could gather. There was no point in highlighting this in your essay.] However, you can make a discreet mention in your c.v. WISH YOU ALL THE BEST IN YOUR FUTURE ENDEAVOURS AND HOPE YOU GET ADMISSION IN THE SCHOOL OF YOUR CHOICE! Writer 7160.

Retroactive Memory - 3321 Words

Retroactive Inhibition in Memory THE EFFECT OF MEMORY IN LEARNING AMONG UPSI STUDENT Member’s Name: Muhammad Aiman Bin Bahnan Siti Nur Aqilla Bt Mohamat Helmee D057683 Afiqatulathirah Normukminah Binti Zun D057630 Alice Goh Yea Mien D061104 Retroactive Inhibition in Memory The hypothesis that can be deduce in the study is when there is interference, which is the retroactive inhibition, the process of learning or the process of memorizing will be disrupted. A total of 30 students of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris undergraduates volunteered to do this experiment, which is consist of 22 female students and 8 male students. Participant is asked to look at two list, List A and List B, 3 letters, 10 words for each†¦show more content†¦Sunnan K.K. and Peter D.B. (1973) suggested that picture and word lists were manipulated in a retroactive inhibition design and play a main role as recall in memory. Retroactive inhibition was demonstrated for both picture and word material, and the study involving sixty undergraduates of both sexes at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. The results also suggest that pictures produce less interference than words. Another similar study that seventy undergraduate volunteer in University of Illinios, Urban a participated which conducted by Graeme H. W and James M. R., ï ¼Ë†1969ï ¼â€°. Their findings in stimulus context and retroactive inhibition in free recall found that contextual factors contribute to the RI resulting from similar categorization of materials in free-recall leaming. Retroactive Inhibition in Memory Method Participants A total of 30 students of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris undergraduates volunteered to do this experiment, which is consist of 22 female’s students and 8 male students. In this experiment, we just have two group of respondent which is control group and experimental group. 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